Sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to treat spider veins and small to medium varicose veins, commonly on the legs.

It involves injecting a sclerosant solution directly into the affected vein, causing the vein’s inner lining to become irritated and collapse. Over time, the treated vein is absorbed by the body and fades from view as blood is rerouted through healthier veins.

How It Works

The sclerosant (often a salt-based or detergent solution such as polidocanol or sodium tetradecyl sulfate) damages the endothelium (lining) of the vein, causing it to seal shut. The vein becomes fibrotic and is gradually broken down and reabsorbed by the body’s natural processes. This does not affect circulation, as blood is redirected through nearby healthy veins.

Who Is It For?

Sclerotherapy is suitable for:

• Individuals with visible spider veins or reticular veins
• People with mild varicose veins
• Those seeking cosmetic improvement or relief from symptoms like aching, burning, or swelling

It is not suitable for patients with certain vascular conditions, a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

The Procedure

Consultation & Assessment:

• A full medical history is taken, and the veins are assessed for suitability, sometimes using ultrasound to map vein structure.

Treatment Session:

• The area is cleaned and sterilised.
• A very fine needle is used to inject the sclerosant into the targeted vein(s).
• Multiple veins may be treated in a single session.
• The procedure usually takes 15–45 minutes, depending on the number of veins treated.
• A compression stocking or bandage is applied to promote closure of the vein.

Post-Treatment Care:

• Patients are advised to walk immediately after treatment to reduce the risk of clotting.
• Compression stockings should be worn for 1–2 weeks, depending on practitioner advice.
• Strenuous exercise, hot baths, and sun exposure should be avoided for a few days.

Treatment Planning

• Most patients require multiple sessions spaced several weeks apart for optimal results, especially when treating widespread or recurrent veins.
• Visible improvement can usually be seen within 3 to 6 weeks for spider veins, and 3 to 4 months for larger veins.
• Annual maintenance sessions may be recommended, especially in individuals prone to developing new veins.

Risks & Side Effects

While sclerotherapy is generally safe and well tolerated, potential side effects may include:

• Temporary bruising, redness, or raised areas at the injection site
• Mild swelling or discomfort
• Hyperpigmentation (darkened skin) along the treated vein
• In rare cases, allergic reaction, blood clots, or matting (fine red vessels around treated area)